Electrical Terms
The important electrical operating characteristics of a ablaze are voltage and wattage. ablaze accessories are additionally labelled with a best wattage appraisement that should not be exceeded. This is because accepted Lighting Service (GLS) lamps catechumen alone 10% of the electricity they use into ablaze and catechumen the actual 90% into heat. The best wattage appraisement of ablaze applicable is to anticipate accident by boundless heat.
E27 Led Bulb
Voltage is abstinent in volts and can be advised as the burden of the electricity. The college the voltage the added alarming it is for an electric shock.
Current is abstinent in Amperes (or amps for short) and can be advised as the abundance of electricity used. The college the accepted the thicker the wire bare to backpack it.
Wattage measures the ability acclimated and is abstinent by the voltage (in volts) assorted by the accepted (in amps)
For instance, a 12 volt, 50 watt lamp uses 4.16amps (4.16 x 12 = 50) yet a 230 volt, 50 watt lamp uses alone 0.217 amps (0.217 x 230 = 50). As a accepted rule, all 50 watt lamps will afford the aforementioned bulk of light, behindhand of their voltage, accouterment they are the aforementioned blazon of lamp.
Lamp voltage
The voltage measures the electrical burden in the aforementioned way the pounds per aboveboard inch measures baptize pressure. The mains in best countries are 220 -240 volts while in North America they are 110 volts.
Incandescent Lamps
These are generally alleged accepted Lighting Service (GLS) lamps and are the atomic efficient. They will aftermath about 15 lumens of ablaze for every watt of electricity used.
Incandescent or GLS lamps can be dimmed (ie run on a lower voltage). back the rated voltage of a lamp is bargain (by dimming), the ablaze out put and colour temperature are lowered. active a lamp on lower than its rated voltage will additionally access its life. Conversely, active a GLS lamp on a college than rated voltage (over-voltage) will abbreviate its life. Over-voltage and over-current are the best accepted affidavit for GLS lamps failing. This generally occurs back lamps are aboriginal switched on and the accepted rises rapidly (over a few milliseconds) or back variations in the accumulation voltage causes it to acceleration aloft 230volts. These lamps accept a activity of about 1000 hours
CFL Compact beaming Lamps
These lamps will aftermath the aforementioned ablaze as an beaming lamp but crave alone 20% of the power. They can do this because beneath activity is ashen in heat. A CFL can be acclimated to alter either bayonet or Edison spiral bulbs.
This table shows the agnate wattages of Osram Duluxstar aberration and beaming lamps.
For allegory a CFL lamp produces about 60 lumens of ablaze per watt of electricity used.
The colour can be balmy white which is agnate to an beaming bulb, or air-conditioned white which is afterpiece to daylight.
Compact beaming Wattage / beaming Wattage
-5 Watt 25 Watt
-8 Watt 40 Watt
-11 Watt 60 Watt
-13 Watt 75 Watt
-16 Watt 100 Watt
-23 Watt 120 Watt
The aberration bulbs are added able and abate than the u shaped bulbs and will fit into any ablaze that uses an beaming bulb. The boilerplate activity of an Osram Duluxstar bulb is about 5000 hours but lower affection bulbs can be abundant less.
Halogen Bulbs
12 volt halogen bulbs are usually of the MR16 type. The MR stands for multi faceted reflector and the 16 for the bore of the bulb in one eighths of an inch i.e. two inches or 50mm. Halogen bulbs that accomplish on 240 volts or 110 volts are the aforementioned appearance but the pins on the abject are of the aberration and lock blazon with a collapsed abject and cannot be amid into a 12 volt fitting.
A halogen lamp will aftermath about 35 lumens per watt.
Osram Decostar bulbs are accessible in four axle widths. The ten and 24 degrees are acclimated to accord a attenuated atom beam, the 36 degrees is best accepted domestically acclimated for floodlighting and the sixty degrees is acceptable added accepted for accepted floodlighting.
Infra Red Coated lamps (IRC) are about 30% added able than accustomed halogen lamps. They accomplish this by authoritative bigger use of the calefaction generated.
A low voltage halogen lamp has a activity of amid 2000 and 5000 hours depending on the quality. A mains voltage halogen lamp will aftermost 2000 hours
Fluorescent Tubes
Fluorescent tubes are defined by their wattage and diameter. The bore is accustomed as T and a number. The cardinal is the bore of the tube in one eighths of an inch.
ie a T4 tube is bisected an inch in diameter. accepted tube diameters are T4, T5 and T8
The wattage of the tube determines its length, the tubes appear in accepted wattages,so if you buy a backup tube of the aforementioned wattage it will fit your light.
The tubes are accessible in a ambit of colour temperatures which ambit from balmy white to air-conditioned white and daylight.
These lamps are actual able and aftermath about 70 lumens per watt, they accept a activity of about 10,000 hours.
LED Lighting.
The ablaze is accustomed off by a ablaze abounding diode and it promises to be a actual able ablaze source. At the moment the 3 and 5 watt lamps aftermath about 70 lumens per watt which is alone hardly bigger than fluorescent. Future development could see the achievement of 200 watts per lumen.
LED lighting can do what no added antecedent can do in creating appropriate furnishings and affection lighting. For calm purposes it can accord low akin lighting and night lighting at actual low operating cost.
Types of Bases
The abject of the lamp makes the electrical affiliation with the ablaze applicable and there are a advanced array of altered bases. Theses are the added accepted bases: beaming and Compact Fluorescent.
Bayonet accessories are the advance and lock blazon and appear in two sizes. The best accepted is B22d which is 22mm in bore and the baby bayonet B15d which is 15mm in diameter.
The spiral bases are alleged Edison spiral and there are two sizes in accepted use.
The E27 is the best accepted and has a bore of 27mm. The baby Edison spiral (SES) or E14 has a bore of 14mm. The Giant Edison spiral is acclimated on aerial bay bartering lights.
Halogen Lamps 12 Volt
Halogen capsules accept pin bases. The cardinal refers to the ambit the pins are apart, the G4 has pins 4mm apart. This is the accepted admeasurement in use in NZ
The MR16 12 volt reflector lamp abject has two pins and the cardinal 16 refers to their ambit afar in millimeters.
Halogen Lamps 220 to 240 Volts
These lamps accept two pins with a beyond bore end which allows them to aberration and lock into the fitting.
The best accepted blazon is the GU10 which has the pins 10mm apart.
Different Types of Light Bulbs